Which of the following statements is/are correct? A price index capt

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  • A price index captures the change in the average price of a constant basket of commodities.
  • If the price index takes values 100, 110 and 121 in three consecutive years respectively, then the inflation rates in the 2nd and 3rd years are 10% and 21% respectively.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2024
A) 1 only
– Statement 1 is correct. A price index (like the Consumer Price Index or CPI) is typically constructed to measure the average change over time in the prices of a constant basket of consumer goods and services. While the GDP deflator uses a changing basket, the statement refers to “a price index,” and indices using a constant basket are fundamental examples.
– Statement 2 is incorrect. The inflation rate in a given year is the percentage change in the price index compared to the *previous* year.
– Inflation rate in the 2nd year = [(Index in Year 2 – Index in Year 1) / Index in Year 1] * 100 = [(110 – 100) / 100] * 100 = 10%. This part is correct.
– Inflation rate in the 3rd year = [(Index in Year 3 – Index in Year 2) / Index in Year 2] * 100 = [(121 – 110) / 110] * 100 = (11 / 110) * 100 = 10%. The statement says 21%, which is incorrect. The 21% represents the cumulative increase from Year 1 to Year 3.
– The inflation rate calculation is a year-on-year percentage change. Cumulative percentage changes over multiple years are calculated differently.
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