The correct answer is: D. 1, 2 & 3
Strategic Goal B of Aichi Biodiversity Targets is to “Achieve a significant reduction in the rate of loss of natural habitats, including forests, and restore degraded ecosystems, with the aim of halting the loss of biodiversity by 2020, and achieving its substantial restoration in areas of particular importance for biodiversity and for human well-being, such as mountain ecosystems, drylands, coastal and marine ecosystems and inland water ecosystems.”
This goal includes the following targets:
- By 2020, the rate of loss of natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, on a global, regional and national scale, and area-based conservation targets are met, based on the best available scientific information and nationally or regionally defined criteria, in particular to protect ecologically representative areas, significant wilderness areas, and areas of particular importance for biodiversity and for carbon storage.
- By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, such as water supply, food production, and regulation of climate, are restored and sustainably managed, taking into account the needs of women, indigenous peoples and local communities.
- By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape.
As you can see, Strategic Goal B includes targets on reducing the rate of natural habitat loss, restoring degraded ecosystems, and conserving ecosystems that provide essential services. These targets are all important for biodiversity conservation and for human well-being.