Which of the following statements about town planning in British India

Which of the following statements about town planning in British India in early 19th century is/are correct?

  • 1. The funds for town improvement were also raised through public lotteries.
  • 2. The threats of epidemics gave an impetus to town planning in the early decades of 19th century.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2018
The correct answer is C) Both 1 and 2.
– Statement 1: During the early 19th century in British India, especially in Presidency towns like Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, funds for urban development and improvement projects were indeed raised through public lotteries. The Lottery Committee in Calcutta (1817-1836) is a significant example, using lottery funds for projects like road construction, bridge building, and tank excavation. This statement is correct.
– Statement 2: The frequent outbreaks of devastating epidemics, such as cholera and plague, in Indian cities highlighted poor sanitation and overcrowding. These health crises prompted the British authorities to implement sanitary measures, improve drainage, and consider aspects of town planning to prevent future epidemics, particularly in the early 19th century, although more systematic town planning policies emerged later. This statement is correct.
Town planning efforts in British India evolved throughout the colonial period, driven by various factors including defense needs, commercial interests, administrative requirements, and public health concerns highlighted by epidemics. Early measures often focused on sanitation and infrastructure within limited areas.