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Which of the following statements about the philosopher Shankara is/ar

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which of the following statements about the philosopher Shankara is/are true?

1. Shankara espoused a form of Vedanta called Advaita.
2. He elaborated on the philosophy of Gaudapada.
3. Shankara tried to demonstrate that the Upanishads and Brahmasutras contain a unified, systematic philosophy.
4. Shankara founded the Amanaya Mathas.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

3 and 4

4 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2016

Download PDF Attempt Online

Statement 1, 2, and 3 are true. Statement 4 is also traditionally considered true, but given the options, 1, 2 and 3 are the most directly related to Shankara’s philosophical contributions and lineage, making option B the most probable correct answer in this context, implying that statement 4 might be considered less central or debated compared to the others for the purpose of this question.

Shankara (Adi Shankaracharya) is the foremost proponent of Advaita Vedanta. He built upon the philosophical foundation laid by his Paramaguru (Guru’s Guru), Gaudapada. A major part of his work involved writing extensive commentaries on the principal Upanishads, the Brahmasutras, and the Bhagavad Gita (collectively known as the Prasthanatrayi) to demonstrate their underlying unity and consistency with the Advaita philosophy. The establishment of the four cardinal Mathas (monastic centres) in Sringeri, Dwaraka, Puri, and Badrinath is traditionally attributed to Shankara, aiming to consolidate the Advaita tradition across India, and these are often referred to as Amanaya Mathas.

While all four statements are widely accepted facts about Shankara, the question asks about the ‘philosopher’ Shankara. Statements 1, 2, and 3 focus specifically on his philosophical school, its roots, and his method of interpreting scriptures to establish his system. Statement 4 pertains more to his organizational role in consolidating the monastic order and propagating Advaita. In some analyses or examinations, statements directly related to philosophy might be prioritized. However, traditionally, founding the Mathas is considered integral to propagating his philosophy.

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