Which of the following statements about hill stations of colonial Indi

Which of the following statements about hill stations of colonial India is/are correct?

  • 1. The architecture of hill stations sought to recreate the European style
  • 2. Hill stations were developed as sanitariums where soldiers were treated for illness
  • 3. Shimla became the official residence of the Commander in Chief of the Indian Army
  • 4. In 1864, Shimla had to be evacuated because of a Typhoid epidemic

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only
1, 2 and 3
3 and 4
2 and 3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2015
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct regarding the colonial hill stations in India. Statement 4, regarding the specific evacuation of Shimla in 1864 due to a Typhoid epidemic, is not a widely cited or confirmed major historical event, making it likely incorrect in the context of such a general question about characteristics. Therefore, options 1, 2, and 3 are the correct statements.
Colonial hill stations in India served multiple purposes for the British: they provided a cooler climate reminiscent of Europe, offered a retreat from tropical diseases (acting as sanitariums), and became administrative and military centers. The architecture often mimicked European styles like cottages, churches, and public buildings. Shimla, in particular, became the summer capital and an important military headquarters.
The development of hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, Darjeeling, and Ooty was a significant aspect of British colonial infrastructure in India. They facilitated the administration by allowing the British to escape the heat of the plains and provided health benefits, especially for European soldiers and civilians susceptible to tropical ailments. While health and sanitation were issues in these growing towns, especially with rapid population increase during the summer, a full evacuation specifically in 1864 due to typhoid is not a commonly documented event on the scale suggested.
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