Which of the following statements about Harappa Civilization is/are co

Which of the following statements about Harappa Civilization is/are correct?

  • 1. There is the extraordinary uniformity in artefacts as evident in pottery, seals, bricks and weights.
  • 2. The late Harappa sites also maintained the same construction techniques as were used in mature Harappa sites.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2018
Statement 1 is correct. A striking feature of the Mature Harappan phase (c. 2600-1900 BCE) is the remarkable uniformity observed in artefacts across a vast geographical area, including standardized pottery styles, characteristic seals, bricks of consistent size ratios (usually 1:2:4), and a precise system of weights.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Late Harappan phase (c. 1900-1300 BCE) saw a decline in many of the characteristics of the Mature phase. This included a decrease in the uniformity of artefacts, the abandonment of major urban centers, and a deterioration in construction techniques and planning compared to the sophisticated urban infrastructure of the Mature period. Late Harappan sites often show less standardized brick sizes, less elaborate drainage systems, and generally simpler structures.
The uniformity in material culture is a hallmark of the Mature Harappan civilization. The Late Harappan phase signifies a period of decline and regional variations, deviating from the earlier standardization in aspects like construction.
The reasons for the decline of the Harappan civilization are debated, but theories include climate change, shifts in river courses, environmental degradation, invasions, and internal social disruption. The Late Harappan phase represents a transition period before the emergence of new cultures in the subcontinent.
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