The correct answer is D. All of the above.
India is a country with a large population and a large agricultural sector. The agricultural sector employs about 50% of the country’s workforce, but it contributes only about 15% of the country’s GDP. This means that the productivity of Indian agriculture is low.
One of the reasons for low productivity in Indian agriculture is the small size of landholdings. The average landholding size in India is about 2 hectares, which is much smaller than the average landholding size in other countries. This means that Indian farmers have less land to work with, which makes it difficult for them to achieve economies of scale.
Another reason for low productivity in Indian agriculture is the use of outdated technologies. Many Indian farmers still use traditional methods of farming, which are not very efficient. The government has been trying to promote the use of modern agricultural technologies, but the adoption of these technologies has been slow.
The government also plays a major role in the agricultural sector. The government sets prices for agricultural products, provides subsidies to farmers, and procures a certain amount of agricultural produce. The government’s involvement in the agricultural sector has both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, the government’s policies have helped to stabilize agricultural prices and provide support to farmers. On the negative side, the government’s policies have also led to distortions in the agricultural market and made it difficult for farmers to compete in the global market.
In conclusion, the agricultural sector in India is characterized by low productivity, small landholdings, and outdated technologies. The government plays a major role in the agricultural sector, but its policies have both positive and negative effects.