Which of the following sets of elements has the same valency ?

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Which of the following sets of elements has the same valency ?

Na, Mg, Ca
Na, Mg, Al
Mg, Ca, K
Mg, Ca, Ba
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2021
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The set of elements Mg, Ca, and Ba has the same valency. All three elements belong to Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) of the periodic table.
Elements in the same group of the periodic table typically have the same number of valence electrons and thus exhibit similar chemical properties, including the same common valency. Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Barium (Ba) are all in Group 2, and they tend to lose their two valence electrons to form ions with a +2 charge. Their valency is 2.
In option A, Na (Group 1, valency 1), Mg (Group 2, valency 2), Ca (Group 2, valency 2). In option B, Na (valency 1), Mg (valency 2), Al (Group 13, valency 3). In option C, Mg (valency 2), Ca (valency 2), K (Group 1, valency 1). Only option D shows elements exclusively from the same group (Group 2) with the same characteristic valency.

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