Which of the following relating to the formation of tropical cyclone is/are correct?
- Large sea surface with temperature above 27 °C
- Presence of Coriolis force
- Upper convergence over the sea level system
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1 and 2
1 and 3
2 and 3
3 only
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UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
1. **Warm Sea Surface Temperature:** The ocean surface must be at least 26.5-27 °C (80 °F) down to a depth of at least 50 meters. This provides the latent heat and moisture necessary to fuel the storm.
2. **Coriolis Force:** This force is necessary to initiate the rotation of the air mass around a low-pressure center. It is negligible near the equator, which is why tropical cyclones do not typically form within about 5 degrees latitude of the equator.
3. **Pre-existing Low-Pressure System:** A weak low-pressure area or disturbance is needed as a starting point.
4. **Moist Air:** Sufficient moisture in the atmosphere is required to support the convective development.
5. **Low Vertical Wind Shear:** Wind speed and direction should not change significantly with height. High wind shear can disrupt the storm’s structure.
6. **Upper-Level Divergence:** Air must be diverging aloft above the surface low-pressure system. This allows the rising air in the thunderstorm activity to ventilate and supports further upward motion and intensification. The third statement mentions *upper convergence*, which is contrary to the required condition of *upper divergence*.