The correct answer is: A. Indra Sawhney case – rights of women at work place.
The Indra Sawhney case was a landmark case in the Supreme Court of India that upheld the constitutional validity of the Mandal Commission report, which recommended affirmative action for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs and educational institutions. The case was decided in 1992 by a 9-judge bench, with Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah writing the majority opinion. The court held that the Mandal Commission report was based on sound data and that the government had the power to implement affirmative action measures for OBCs. The court also held that the creamy layer principle, which excluded the most well-off OBCs from the benefits of affirmative action, was valid.
The Indra Sawhney case was a significant victory for the OBCs and helped to improve their social and economic status. The case also set an important precedent for affirmative action in India.
The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:
- B. ADM Jabalpur – rights of citizens in emergency: The ADM Jabalpur case was a landmark case in the Supreme Court of India that held that fundamental rights could be suspended during a state of emergency. The case was decided in 1976 by a 6-judge bench, with Justice H.R. Khanna dissenting. The court held that the right to life and liberty, as guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution, could be suspended during a state of emergency. The court also held that the right to habeas corpus, which allows a person to challenge their detention in court, could be suspended during a state of emergency.
- C. Kartar singh case – rights of minorities: The Kartar Singh case was a landmark case in the Supreme Court of India that upheld the constitutional validity of the death penalty. The case was decided in 1994 by a 5-judge bench, with Justice K.N. Singh dissenting. The court held that the death penalty was not unconstitutional and that it could be imposed in certain cases, such as murder.
- D. Vishakha case – centre state relation: The Vishakha case was a landmark case in the Supreme Court of India that laid down guidelines for the prevention of sexual harassment at the workplace. The case was decided in 1997 by a 3-judge bench, with Justice B.N. Kirpal writing the majority opinion. The court held that sexual harassment at the workplace was a form of discrimination and that employers had a duty to prevent it. The court also laid down guidelines for employers to follow in order to prevent sexual harassment at the workplace.