The correct answer is: B. Quota sampling
Quota sampling is a non-probability sampling technique in which researchers select participants based on pre-determined quotas. This means that the researcher sets a target number of participants from each group or category in the population, and then recruits participants until the quota is met.
Quota sampling is often used when it is difficult or expensive to obtain a random sample. It can also be used when the researcher wants to ensure that the sample is representative of the population on certain key characteristics. However, quota sampling is not as accurate as random sampling, and it is important to be aware of the potential biases that can occur.
Here are brief explanations of the other options:
- A. Stratified sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into groups or strata, and then a random sample is selected from each stratum. This ensures that the sample is representative of the population on the characteristics that were used to divide the population into strata.
- C. Systematic sampling is a probability sampling technique in which every nth individual in the population is selected for the sample. This can be done by using a random number generator to select the starting point, and then selecting every nth individual after that.
- D. Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique in which the population is divided into clusters, and then a random sample of clusters is selected. The individuals in each selected cluster are then included in the sample. This can be a cost-effective way to collect data from a large population, but it is important to ensure that the clusters are representative of the population.