The correct answer is A. Total Variation = Residual Variation – Regression Variation.
Residual variation is the variation in the dependent variable that is not explained by the independent variable. Regression variation is the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variable. Total variation is the sum of the residual variation and the regression variation.
Option B is incorrect because it adds the residual variation and the regression variation, which would give the total variation twice. Option C is incorrect because it multiplies the residual variation and the regression variation, which would give a meaningless number. Option D is incorrect because it includes all of the options, which is not possible.