Which of the following is not an operator of relational algebra

Union
Cartesian product
Equi Join
square

The correct answer is (d). Square is not an operator of relational algebra.

Relational algebra is a formal system for manipulating relations. It is a mathematical model for relational databases and provides a theoretical foundation for relational database theory.

The basic operators of relational algebra are:

  • Selection (σ): Selects tuples from a relation that satisfy a given condition.
  • Projection (π): Projects a relation onto a subset of its attributes.
  • Union (∪): Combines two relations into a new relation that contains all tuples from both relations.
  • Intersection (∩): Combines two relations into a new relation that contains only the tuples that are in both relations.
  • Difference (∖): Combines two relations into a new relation that contains all tuples from the first relation that are not in the second relation.
  • Cartesian product (×): Creates a new relation that contains all possible pairs of tuples from the two relations.
  • Equi join (⋈): Creates a new relation that contains all tuples from the two relations that have matching values on a specified set of attributes.

The square operator is not an operator of relational algebra. It is a mathematical operator that is used to calculate the square of a number.

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