Which of the following is/are the correct components of the “Lion Capi

Which of the following is/are the correct components of the “Lion Capital” at Sarnath ?

  • 1. The shaft (stambha-yashti) or the tall tapering column
  • 2. An elliptical top part – the abacus, devoid of any carvings
  • 3. Overflowing inverted petals below the abacus

Select the answer using the code given below :

1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2024
Statement 1 refers to the shaft (stambha-yashti), which is the tall column on which the capital rests. While not strictly a component *of* the capital sculpture itself, it is the integral supporting structure commonly associated with the Sarnath Lion Capital pillar. In a broader sense, as the question asks for components *of* the “Lion Capital” structure, the shaft is a component.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The abacus (the circular part above the inverted lotus and below the lions) is round, not elliptical, and is richly carved with figures of animals (lion, elephant, bull, horse) separated by 24-spoke chakras (wheels), representing the Dharmachakra.
Statement 3 is correct. The overflowing inverted petals form the inverted lotus capital, which is a prominent feature below the abacus.
Given that statement 2 is incorrect, options C and D are eliminated. Since statement 3 is correct and there is no ‘3 only’ option, and statement 1 describes the necessary supporting structure which is inextricably linked to the capital, option B (1 and 3 only) is the most plausible answer, interpreting “Lion Capital” to encompass the main structural elements of the pillar and its crowning sculpture.
The Sarnath Lion Capital is a masterpiece of Ashokan sculpture and a national emblem of India.
It consists of an inverted lotus base, a drum/abacus carved with animals and chakras, four addorsed lions, and originally a Dharmachakra on top.
The four lions symbolize power, courage, confidence, and pride. The wheel (chakra) symbolizes the Dharma and movement. The animals on the abacus represent the four directions. The inverted lotus is a common Buddhist symbol representing purity and fertility.
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