Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothe

Which of the following is/are correct inference/inferences from isothermal maps in the month of January ?

  1. The isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean and to the south over the continent.
  2. The presence of cold ocean currents, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift make the North Atlantic Ocean colder and the isotherms bend towards the north.

Select the answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
In the Northern Hemisphere winter (January), land surfaces cool down much faster and to lower temperatures than ocean surfaces at similar latitudes.
Statement 1 is correct. Over continents, the cold air causes isotherms to bend southwards (equatorwards). Over oceans, the relatively warmer water causes isotherms to bend northwards (polewards). This describes the typical pattern observed on isothermal maps in January over the Northern Hemisphere.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift are warm ocean currents that transport warm water to higher latitudes in the North Atlantic. This makes the North Atlantic Ocean significantly *warmer* than surrounding land masses or areas influenced by cold currents. This warmth causes the isotherms to bend *north* over the North Atlantic, indicating higher temperatures extending polewards. The statement incorrectly claims these currents make the ocean colder.
Therefore, only Statement 1 is a correct inference.
Isotherms reflect temperature distribution. In winter, continents are typically colder than oceans at the same latitude due to differences in specific heat capacity and heat transfer mechanisms. Warm ocean currents cause isotherms to bend poleward.
The bending of isotherms over land and sea in winter is a clear manifestation of the differential heating and cooling properties of land and water and the influence of ocean currents.