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Which of the following do/does not represent a break between the Early

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which of the following do/does not represent a break between the Early Harappan cultures and the Mature Harappan civilization ?

Large-scale burning at some sites
Abandonment of certain settlements
A shift in the course of the Hakra river

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

3 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

A shift in the course of the Hakra river (3) does not necessarily represent a “break” between the Early Harappan cultures and the Mature Harappan civilization in the same way that large-scale burning or abandonment at specific sites might.

The transition from Early Harappan cultures to the Mature Harappan civilization was a complex process involving both continuity and discontinuity across different regions.

Large-scale burning at sites (1) and abandonment of certain settlements (2) are often cited as evidence of stress, conflict, or regional decline, representing direct breaks in the occupation or life of those specific locations during the transition phase. The shift in the course of the Hakra river (3), while causing the abandonment of numerous settlements in the Ghaggar-Hakra valley, was an environmental factor that *caused* regional discontinuity. However, the overall Mature Harappan civilization emerged and flourished primarily in the Indus valley, arguably representing an evolution or adaptation rather than a complete break in the cultural trajectory, even though it caused regional shifts. Option 3 is often seen as a major environmental catalyst *behind* some of the regional discontinuities, rather than the “break” itself.

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