The correct answer is (d), India.
The Asian-Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) is a free trade agreement between 16 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. It was established in 1975 and is the oldest regional trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific region. The agreement aims to promote trade and investment between the member countries by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers.
The member countries of APTA are:
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- China
- India
- Indonesia
- Japan
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Singapore
- Sri Lanka
- Thailand
India is not a member of APTA because it has not ratified the agreement. India has been a signatory to the agreement since 1997, but it has not yet ratified the agreement. The main reason for India’s non-ratification of the agreement is that India wants to protect its domestic industries from competition from other countries in the region.
India is a large and growing economy, and it has a large domestic market. Indian companies are concerned that if they are exposed to competition from other countries in the region, they will not be able to compete and will lose market share. This is why India has not yet ratified the APTA agreement.
However, India is in the process of negotiating a free trade agreement with China. If this agreement is successful, it could lead to India ratifying the APTA agreement. This is because India would be able to protect its domestic industries from competition from China by negotiating special provisions in the free trade agreement.
Overall, India is not a member of APTA because it has not ratified the agreement. The main reason for India’s non-ratification of the agreement is that India wants to protect its domestic industries from competition from other countries in the region. However, India is in the process of negotiating a free trade agreement with China, and if this agreement is successful, it could lead to India ratifying the APTA agreement.