The correct answer is (a). The 61st Amendment to the Constitution of India, enacted in 1989, lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years. This amendment was passed in response to the Mandal Commission Report, which recommended affirmative action for Other Backward Classes (OBCs). The amendment was also seen as a way to increase voter participation and to make the electoral process more inclusive.
The 51st Amendment, enacted in 1976, amended Article 368 of the Constitution to make it more difficult to amend the Constitution. The 41st Amendment, enacted in 1976, amended Article 31A of the Constitution to protect certain laws from judicial review. The 71st Amendment, enacted in 1992, inserted Article 243ZG into the Constitution to provide for the establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs).
The 61st Amendment was a significant amendment to the Constitution of India. It lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years, which made millions of young people eligible to vote. This amendment was seen as a way to increase voter participation and to make the electoral process more inclusive.