Which of the following characterizes/characterize the people of Indus

Which of the following characterizes/characterize the people of Indus Civilization?

  • 1. They possessed great palaces and temples.
  • 2. They worshipped both male and female deities.
  • 3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare.

Select the correct statement/statements using the codes given below.

1 and 2 only
2 only
1, 2 and 3
None of the statements given above is correct
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2013
Based on current archaeological evidence, only statement 2 accurately characterizes the people of the Indus Civilization.
1. There is no strong evidence of grand palaces or temples in the Indus Civilization sites. Their architecture suggests well-planned cities with focus on civic amenities and dwelling units, not monumental religious or royal structures.
2. Evidence from seals and figurines suggests the worship of a male deity (often identified as ‘proto-Shiva’) and numerous female figurines implying the worship of a Mother Goddess.
3. While the presence of the horse in the Indus Valley is debated and evidence is scarce, there is no clear indication of the widespread use of horse-drawn chariots in warfare, unlike later periods in South Asia.
The Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization) was known for its urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, standardized weights and measures, and seals with undeciphered script. Major sites include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Lothal, Kalibangan, and Dholavira.