Which of the following causes adiabatic temperature changes in

Which of the following causes adiabatic temperature changes in atmosphere?

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Deflection and advection

Latent heat of condensation

Expansion and compression of the air

Partial absorption of solar radiation by the atmosphere

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2018

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Adiabatic temperature changes occur when the temperature of an air parcel changes due to expansion or compression without any heat exchange with its surroundings. When air rises, it expands due to lower atmospheric pressure, and this expansion causes it to cool (adiabatic cooling). When air sinks, it is compressed by higher pressure, and this compression causes it to warm (adiabatic warming).

Adiabatic processes involve temperature changes caused by work done during expansion or compression of air, not by heat transfer.

Deflection and advection involve horizontal air movement. Latent heat exchange (like condensation or evaporation) involves the release or absorption of heat, making the process non-adiabatic. Absorption of solar radiation is a form of heat transfer.

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