Which of the following carbon allotropes is/are good conductor(s) of e

Which of the following carbon allotropes is/are good conductor(s) of electricity ?

  • 1. Diamond
  • 2. Graphite
  • 3. Fullerene

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2021
1. Diamond: In diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in a rigid tetrahedral structure. All valence electrons are involved in strong covalent bonds, and there are no free electrons. Hence, diamond is a very poor conductor of electricity (an insulator).
2. Graphite: In graphite, carbon atoms are arranged in layers of hexagonal rings. Within each layer, atoms are covalently bonded (sp2 hybridisation). Each carbon atom has one valence electron that is not involved in sigma bonding and is delocalized across the layers. These delocalized electrons are free to move, making graphite a good conductor of electricity.
3. Fullerene: Fullerenes, such as C60, have carbon atoms arranged in spherical or cage-like structures involving pentagons and hexagons. The bonding is predominantly sp2 hybridisation with some delocalized electrons. However, in their pure form, most fullerenes are semiconductors or insulators due to the localisation of the pi electrons compared to graphite. While some doped fullerenes can become conductors or even superconductors, pure fullerenes are not considered good conductors in the same way as graphite.
Therefore, among the listed common allotropes, only graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
– Electrical conductivity in carbon allotropes depends on the presence of delocalized or free electrons.
– Diamond has no free electrons.
– Graphite has delocalized pi electrons allowing it to conduct electricity.
– Pure fullerenes are typically semiconductors or insulators.
The differences in electrical conductivity (and other properties like hardness) among carbon allotropes arise from the different ways carbon atoms are bonded and arranged in their crystal structures. Graphite’s layered structure and delocalized electrons make it suitable for applications like electrodes and lubricants. Diamond’s strong 3D network makes it extremely hard.