The correct answer is D. All of the mentioned.
Expert systems are computer programs that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. They are used in a variety of fields, including medicine, finance, and manufacturing.
In medicine, expert systems are used to diagnose diseases, recommend treatments, and provide patient care. For example, the MYCIN system was developed in the 1970s to diagnose and treat bacterial infections. The system was based on the knowledge of a group of experts in infectious diseases.
In finance, expert systems are used to make investment decisions, manage risk, and assess creditworthiness. For example, the Loan Advisor system was developed by IBM to help banks assess the creditworthiness of potential borrowers.
In manufacturing, expert systems are used to optimize production schedules, control quality, and troubleshoot problems. For example, the Scheduling Advisor system was developed by General Electric to help factories schedule production runs.
Expert systems are a powerful tool that can be used to improve decision-making in a variety of fields. They are based on the knowledge of human experts and can be used to make decisions that are more accurate and efficient than those made by humans alone.
Here are some additional details about each of the applications mentioned in the question:
- Disease Diagnosis: Expert systems can be used to diagnose diseases by analyzing symptoms and medical history. For example, the MYCIN system was developed in the 1970s to diagnose and treat bacterial infections. The system was based on the knowledge of a group of experts in infectious diseases.
- Planning and Scheduling: Expert systems can be used to plan and schedule activities by taking into account a variety of factors, such as resources, time constraints, and priorities. For example, the Scheduling Advisor system was developed by General Electric to help factories schedule production runs.
- Decision Making: Expert systems can be used to make decisions by considering a variety of factors and weighing the pros and cons of different options. For example, the Loan Advisor system was developed by IBM to help banks assess the creditworthiness of potential borrowers.