The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Human resource management (HRM) is the strategic and operational management of an organization’s workforce to achieve its goals. HRM includes the following functions:
- Planning: HRM plans for the organization’s workforce by forecasting human resource needs, replacement planning, and human resource development planning.
- Acquisition: HRM acquires the organization’s workforce by recruiting, selecting, and onboarding employees.
- Development: HRM develops the organization’s workforce by providing training and development opportunities.
- Compensation: HRM compensates the organization’s workforce by determining pay and benefits.
- Performance management: HRM manages the performance of the organization’s workforce by setting performance goals, providing feedback, and taking corrective action.
- Employee relations: HRM maintains positive relationships with the organization’s employees by resolving grievances and providing support.
- Organizational development: HRM helps the organization to achieve its goals by developing and implementing organizational change initiatives.
Human resource dynamics is the study of the forces that shape the workforce and the way in which the workforce interacts with the organization. Human resource dynamics include the following factors:
- Demographics: The demographics of the workforce are changing, with an increasing number of women, minorities, and older workers.
- Globalization: The globalization of the economy is leading to increased competition and the need for organizations to operate in a global environment.
- Technology: Technology is changing the way in which work is done and the skills that are required of employees.
- Regulation: The increasing regulation of the workplace is impacting the way in which organizations manage their employees.
Human resource audit is a systematic review of an organization’s human resource practices and policies. The purpose of a human resource audit is to identify areas where improvements can be made to improve the effectiveness of the organization’s human resource management.
In conclusion, all of the options listed in the question are covered under the scope of human resource management.