Which of the following are correct with regard to Indian Monsoonal Rai

Which of the following are correct with regard to Indian Monsoonal Rainfall ?

  • 1. Largely governed by the topographical features
  • 2. Regional and seasonal variation in the distribution of rainfall
  • 3. Heavy downpour resulting in considerable runoff
  • 4. Beginning and end of rain is regular and on time
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
3 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct regarding Indian Monsoonal Rainfall. Statement 4 is incorrect. Therefore, the correct option is B (1, 2 and 3).
1. Largely governed by topographical features: The Himalayas act as a barrier to the monsoon winds, causing rainfall in the plains, while the Western Ghats cause heavy orographic rainfall on the windward side.
2. Regional and seasonal variation: Rainfall distribution varies significantly across India (e.g., high rainfall in the North-East and Western Ghats, low rainfall in Rajasthan) and is concentrated in the monsoon season (June to September).
3. Heavy downpour resulting in considerable runoff: Monsoon rainfall is often intense, leading to high runoff, river flooding, and soil erosion.
4. Beginning and end of rain is regular and on time: The Indian monsoon is known for its variability in terms of onset, withdrawal, and intensity each year. While there is a typical timeline, variations are common and have significant impacts, especially on agriculture. Hence, this statement is incorrect.
The variability of the monsoon is a key challenge for Indian agriculture and water management. The monsoon is influenced by various factors, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).
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