Which of the following are consequences of price ceiling strategy by the government. 1. Black marketing 2. Hoarding 3. Rationing

The correct answer is D. All of the above.

A price ceiling is a government-imposed maximum price that can be charged for a good or service. When a price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price, it creates a shortage of the good or service. This is because at the lower price, there is more demand for the good or service

than there is supply.

The shortage can lead to a number of consequences, including:

• Black marketeering: When there is a shortage of a good or service, some people will
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  try to buy it at the lower price and then sell it at a higher price on the black market.
• Hoarding: When people believe that a good or service is going to become scarce, they may start to hoard it, in order to ensure that they have enough for themselves. This can lead to further shortages.
• Rationing: When there is a shortage of a good or service, the government may ration it, which means that they will only allow people to buy a certain amount of it.

In conclusion, all of the options listed in the question are consequences of price ceiling strategy by the government.