Which of the following are called 'benthos'?

Which of the following are called ‘benthos’?

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Microscopic plants which float on the ocean water

Animals which swim in the water

Plants and animals which live on the ocean floor

Plants and animals which float on the ocean water

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UPSC Geoscientist – 2022

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Benthos (or benthic organisms) are the organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or river. This category includes a wide range of organisms, from plants like seagrasses to animals like worms, clams, starfish, crustaceans, and even some fish that live on the bottom.

– Benthos are bottom-dwelling aquatic organisms.
– They live on the substrate of the water body.

Aquatic organisms are typically classified based on their habitat and movement within the water column:
– Plankton: Organisms (plants and animals) that float or drift in the water.
– Nekton: Organisms that can actively swim and move independently of water currents.
– Benthos: Organisms that live attached to, or on or in, the bottom substrate.

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