The correct answer is: A. Inferential analysis.
Inferential analysis is a type of statistical analysis that is used to make inferences about a population based on a sample. It is used to answer questions such as “What is the probability that a new drug will be effective?” or “What is the average income of people in a certain city?”.
Exploratory analysis is a type of statistical analysis that is used to explore data and find patterns. It is used to answer questions such as “What are the different types of customers that we have?” or “What are the most common reasons why people leave our company?”.
Causal analysis is a type of statistical analysis that is used to determine if one variable causes another. It is used to answer questions such as “Does smoking cause cancer?” or “Does drinking coffee cause heart disease?”.
In the given figure, the researcher is trying to determine if there is a relationship between the number of hours that students study and their GPA. This is an example of an inferential analysis because the researcher is trying to make inferences about the population of students (all students) based on a sample (the students in the study).
Exploratory analysis would not be appropriate in this case because the researcher is not trying to explore data or find patterns. Causal analysis would also not be appropriate in this case because the researcher is not trying to determine if one variable causes another.