Which of the following action(s) by the Government would lead to contr

Which of the following action(s) by the Government would lead to contraction of money supply in the economy ?

  • 1. Purchase of Treasury Bills by the central bank from public
  • 2. Sale of Treasury Bills by the central bank to public
  • 3. Sale of foreign exchange by the central bank
  • 4. Purchase of foreign exchange by the central bank

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 4 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
2 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2023
To contract the money supply in the economy, the central bank (like the Reserve Bank of India) needs to take actions that reduce the amount of money available with the public and commercial banks. Selling government securities and selling foreign exchange are tools used for monetary contraction.
1. **Purchase of Treasury Bills by the central bank from public:** The central bank pays money to the public in exchange for securities. This injects money into the economy, increasing money supply (expansionary).
2. **Sale of Treasury Bills by the central bank to public:** The central bank receives money from the public in exchange for securities. This withdraws money from the economy, decreasing money supply (contractionary). This is an Open Market Operation (OMO) used for contraction.
3. **Sale of foreign exchange by the central bank:** The central bank sells foreign currency and receives domestic currency in return. This takes domestic currency out of circulation, decreasing money supply (contractionary).
4. **Purchase of foreign exchange by the central bank:** The central bank buys foreign currency and pays domestic currency. This injects domestic currency into circulation, increasing money supply (expansionary).
Therefore, actions 2 and 3 lead to a contraction of the money supply.
Monetary policy tools used by central banks include OMOs (buying/selling government securities), adjusting policy rates (like repo rate, reverse repo rate), and varying reserve requirements (like Cash Reserve Ratio, Statutory Liquidity Ratio). Selling securities and selling foreign exchange are typically tightening measures.