The correct answer is: Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components. The number of principal components is less than or equal to the number of original variables. This transformation is defined in such a way that the first principal component has the largest possible variance (that is, accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible), and each succeeding component in turn has the highest variance possible under the constraint that it is orthogonal to (i.e., uncorrelated with) the preceding components.
PCA is often used for dimensionality reduction, which is the process of reducing the number of variables in a dataset while minimizing the loss of information. This can be useful in image compression, where the goal is to represent an image with fewer pixels without significantly reducing its quality. PCA can be used to identify the most important features in an image, which can then be used to represent the image with fewer pixels.
K-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as a prototype of the cluster. This results in a partitioning of the data space into Voronoi cells.
Decision trees are a type of supervised learning algorithm that can be used for both classification and regression tasks. Decision trees work by recursively splitting the data into smaller and smaller subsets until each subset contains only one class or value. The splitting is done based on a set of rules that are learned from the data.
Naive Bayes is a probabilistic machine learning algorithm that is used for classification and regression tasks. Naive Bayes works by assuming that the features of a data point are independent of each other. This allows the algorithm to calculate the probability of a data point belonging to a particular class or value by multiplying the probabilities of each feature.
In conclusion, the correct answer is: Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA is a statistical procedure that is used for dimensionality reduction and is particularly useful in image compression.