The correct answer is (d). Brazil became the 43rd member of the Australia Group in 2014.
The Australia Group is an informal group of 43 countries that work together to control the export of dual-use goods and technologies that could be used for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBRN) programs. The Group was established in 1985 in response to the threat of proliferation of CBRN weapons.
China, Pakistan, and India are not members of the Australia Group. China is a nuclear-weapon state and is not subject to the Group’s export controls. Pakistan is a non-nuclear-weapon state but is not a member of the Group. India is a non-nuclear-weapon state and is a member of the Nuclear Suppliers Group, which has similar export controls to the Australia Group.
Brazil is a non-nuclear-weapon state and became a member of the Australia Group in 2014. Brazil’s membership in the Group is a sign of its commitment to non-proliferation and its desire to work with other countries to prevent the spread of CBRN weapons.