The correct answer is: a) 51A (a)
The Fundamental Duty to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India is enshrined in Article 51A(a) of the Constitution of India. This article states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to “abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem”. It also states that it shall be the duty of every citizen to “defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so”.
The other options are incorrect because they do not refer to the Fundamental Duty to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
Option b) refers to the Fundamental Duty to develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
Option c) refers to the Fundamental Duty to safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
Option d) refers to the Fundamental Duty to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.