Which European ruler had observed, “Bear in mind that the commerce of

Which European ruler had observed, “Bear in mind that the commerce of India is the commerce of the world … he who can exclusively command it is the dictator of Europe”?

Queen Victoria
Peter the Great of Russia
Napoleon Bonaparte
Gustav II Adolf
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The observation about the importance of the commerce of India and its link to dominating Europe is attributed to Peter the Great of Russia.
Peter the Great, the Tsar of Russia from 1682 to 1725, was known for his expansionist policies and efforts to modernize Russia and increase its influence, including seeking access to warm-water ports and controlling vital trade routes.
This quote reflects Peter the Great’s understanding of the immense economic value of Indian trade, particularly spices, textiles, and other goods, and how control over this trade could confer significant political and economic power in Europe, where various European powers were competing fiercely for dominance in the East Indies trade.