Which electromagnetic radiation(s) is/are used to cook food?

Which electromagnetic radiation(s) is/are used to cook food?

Infrared radiation only
Microwave radiation only
Infrared and microwave radiations
All electromagnetic radiations
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Electromagnetic radiation is used in various forms for cooking food. Common examples include:
– Microwave ovens use microwave radiation to heat food. Microwaves are absorbed by water, fats, and sugars, causing them to vibrate and produce heat.
– Conventional ovens and grills use infrared radiation (thermal radiation) emitted by heating elements or flames to heat the food surface, and then heat is transferred into the food by conduction and convection.
Therefore, both infrared and microwave radiations are used in cooking. While visible light and other forms of EM radiation also carry energy and can potentially heat things, infrared and microwave are the primary forms utilized in common cooking appliances.
– Understand the different forms of electromagnetic radiation.
– Identify which forms of EM radiation are used in common cooking methods and appliances.
– Microwave ovens use microwaves.
– Ovens and grills use infrared radiation.
The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays, in order of increasing frequency and energy. Cooking methods primarily utilize the energy transfer mechanisms of infrared radiation (heating surfaces) and microwave radiation (volumetric heating of polar molecules).