The correct answer is A. Mitosis.
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. It is the process by which somatic cells (cells other than gametes) grow and divide, producing two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Mitosis is the basis of asexual reproduction and is responsible for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are produced. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they have only one copy of each chromosome. This is necessary for sexual reproduction, as the fusion of two gametes results in a diploid cell (a cell with two copies of each chromosome).
Binary fission is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Binary fission is the simplest form of cell division and is used by prokaryotes (single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus).
Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism breaks into two or more pieces, each of which then develops into a new individual. Fragmentation is common in plants and algae.
In conclusion, mitosis is the only type of cell division that provides a means of transmitting unchanged information to the daughter cells. This is because mitosis is a conservative process that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Meiosis, binary fission, and fragmentation are all types of cell division that result in daughter cells that are not genetically identical to the parent cell.