The correct answer is: c) 73rd Amendment Act
The 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 provided the framework for the Panchayati Raj system in India. It was passed by the 9th Lok Sabha and came into effect on April 24, 1993. The Act provides for the establishment of three-tier Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, intermediate and district levels in all states and union territories. It also provides for the devolution of powers and responsibilities to these institutions.
The 73rd Amendment Act is considered to be a landmark legislation in the history of local self-government in India. It has been hailed as a major step towards decentralization and empowerment of the people. The Act has also been credited with bringing about a significant improvement in the delivery of basic services at the local level.
The 73rd Amendment Act has been implemented in all states and union territories. However, there have been some variations in the way the Act has been implemented in different states. Some states have made more progress in devolving powers and responsibilities to the Panchayati Raj institutions than others.
The 73rd Amendment Act has had a positive impact on the lives of people in rural India. It has helped to improve the delivery of basic services such as education, health, water and sanitation. The Act has also helped to empower women and marginalized groups.
However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the Panchayati Raj system more effective. These challenges include lack of financial resources, lack of capacity building, and political interference.
Despite these challenges, the 73rd Amendment Act has been a major step forward in the development of local self-government in India. It has helped to bring about a significant improvement in the lives of people in rural India.