The correct answer is: D) Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher if it performs better in these areas.
Literacy rate is the percentage of people aged 15 and above who can read and write. A high literacy rate indicates that a country has a well-educated population, which can lead to economic growth and development.
Sex ratio is the number of females per 100 males in a population. A balanced sex ratio is important for social and economic development, as it ensures that there are enough women to participate in the workforce and have children.
Per capita income is the average income of a person in a country. A high per capita income indicates that a country is wealthy and its people have a high standard of living.
However, per capita income is not a perfect measure of standard of living, as it does not take into account factors such as inequality, poverty, and access to healthcare and education. The HDI is a more comprehensive measure of standard of living, as it takes into account a wider range of factors.