Which cell organelles have their own DNA and Ribosomes ?

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Which cell organelles have their own DNA and Ribosomes ?

Golgi body and Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria and Plastids
Lysosome and Golgi body
Vacuole and Plastids
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2021
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Mitochondria and plastids (like chloroplasts) are unique among eukaryotic cell organelles in possessing their own genetic material (DNA) and ribosomes.
– Both mitochondria and plastids are believed to have originated through endosymbiosis, a process where prokaryotic cells were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells.
– This evolutionary history explains why they retain their own DNA (circular, similar to bacterial DNA) and ribosomes (70S type, similar to bacterial ribosomes), separate from the nuclear DNA and cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S type) of the host cell.
– Other organelles like the Golgi body, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles are part of the endomembrane system and are dependent on the nucleus for genetic information and protein synthesis. They do not have their own DNA or ribosomes.

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