Which among the following systems of representation is adopted for the

Which among the following systems of representation is adopted for the election of members to the Lok Sabha?

Party-list proportional representation
Instant-runoff system
First-past-the-post system
Binomial system
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
For the election of members to the Lok Sabha, India adopts the First-Past-The-Post System (FPTP). In this system, the country is divided into constituencies, and the candidate who receives the most votes in a constituency wins the seat, regardless of whether they get an absolute majority of the votes.
The FPTP system is simple to understand and operate and tends to produce clear majorities, facilitating stable governments. However, it can lead to a disproportionate relationship between vote share and seats won, and smaller parties often find it difficult to win seats.
Proportional representation systems, such as party-list PR, are used for elections to the Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils in India, but not for the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assemblies. These systems aim to allocate seats more proportionally to the votes received by parties.