Which among the following Constitutional Amendment Act is inserted [co

Which among the following Constitutional Amendment Act is inserted [co-operative societies] in Clause (1) of the Article 19 ?

The Constitutional (97th Amendment) Act, 2011

The Constitutional (44th Amendment) Act, 1978

The Constitutional (4th Amendment) Act, 1955

The Constitutional (95th Amendment) Act, 2009

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UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22

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The Constitutional (97th Amendment) Act, 2011 gave constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies. It inserted “co-operative societies” in Article 19(1)(c) under the right to form associations and unions, thus granting it the status of a fundamental right to form co-operative societies. The Amendment also inserted a new Article 43B in the Directive Principles of State Policy relating to the promotion of co-operative societies and added Part IXB to the Constitution dealing with co-operative societies.

The 97th Amendment Act, 2011 inserted “co-operative societies” into Article 19(1)(c), making the formation of co-operative societies a fundamental right.

The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, inter alia, removed the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights. The 4th Amendment Act, 1955, related to property rights and included certain acts in the 9th Schedule. The 95th Amendment Act, 2009, extended the reservation of seats for SCs and STs and special representation for Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies for another ten years.

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