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Which among the following are Charvaka Schools of Philosophy ? Dhur

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

Which among the following are Charvaka Schools of Philosophy ?

Dhurtta
Nyaya
Sushikshita
Vaisheshika

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3 only

2 and 4 only

1 and 3 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2022

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The correct answer is D) 1 and 3 only.

Charvaka, also known as Lokayata, is an ancient Indian materialistic and atheistic philosophical school. Traditional texts that describe different schools of Indian philosophy often mention different branches or interpretations within Charvaka. Sources like Madhavacharya’s *Sarvadarshanasangraha* classify Charvakas into types such as Dhurtta (literally ‘rogue’ or ‘cunning’, representing a more radical, sensualist view) and Sushikshita (meaning ‘well-educated’ or ‘refined’, possibly a more moderate view). Nyaya and Vaisheshika are distinct, orthodox (Astika) schools of Indian philosophy focused on logic and atomism, respectively, entirely separate from Charvaka.

Charvaka philosophy rejects concepts like reincarnation, karma, liberation (moksha), and the authority of the Vedas. It emphasizes empirical perception as the only valid source of knowledge and advocates for living life fully while pursuing pleasure. The distinction between different Charvaka “schools” like Dhurtta and Sushikshita might reflect variations in their ethical views or the degree of emphasis on sensual pleasure versus more refined forms of enjoyment.

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