The correct answer is (c) 1627, 1661.
Shivaji was born on February 19, 1627 in Shivneri Fort, Pune, Maharashtra. He was the son of Shahaji Bhosale, a general in the Mughal army, and Jijabai, a Rajput princess. Shivaji was educated in both Hindu and Muslim traditions. He was a skilled warrior and a devout Hindu.
In 1645, Shivaji began to assert his independence from the Mughal Empire. He captured several forts from the Mughals and established his own kingdom, the Maratha Empire. Shivaji was crowned Chhatrapati, or “Lord of the World”, in 1674. He died on April 3, 1680 at the age of 53.
Option (a) is incorrect because Shivaji was born in 1627, not 1626. Option (b) is incorrect because Shivaji assumed the title of Chhatrapati in 1674, not 1671. Option (d) is incorrect because Shivaji was born in 1627, not 1625.