The correct answer is B. saponification.
Saponification is a chemical reaction that produces soap and glycerin from fats and oils. The reaction is between a fat or oil and an alkali, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The alkali breaks down the fat or oil into its component parts, which are glycerol and fatty acids. The fatty acids then react with the alkali to form soap.
Emulsification is a process that allows two liquids that do not normally mix to form a stable mixture. This is done by adding an emulsifier, which is a substance that helps to keep the two liquids from separating.
Halogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of one or more halogen atoms to a molecule. The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons from an atom or molecule. This can happen in a number of ways, such as by the addition of oxygen or the removal of hydrogen.
In the formation of soaps, the fats are reacted with alkali to form soap and glycerin. This reaction is called saponification.