The correct answer is: A. Portuguese.
Goa was a Portuguese colony from 1510 to 1961. The Portuguese first arrived in Goa in 1510, and they quickly established control over the region. The Portuguese ruled Goa for over 450 years, and during that time they made many changes to the region. They introduced Christianity to Goa, and they also built many churches and other religious buildings. The Portuguese also built roads, bridges, and other infrastructure in Goa.
In 1961, India invaded Goa and took control of the region. The Portuguese were forced to leave Goa, and the region has been a part of India ever since.
The other options are incorrect. The Afghans never ruled Goa, and the Mughals only ruled Goa for a short period of time in the 17th century.