When electricity is passed through brine, it produces

NaCl

NaOH

KCl

KOH

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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021

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The electrolysis of brine (a concentrated aqueous solution of sodium chloride, NaCl) is an industrial process that produces sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chlorine gas (Cl₂), and hydrogen gas (H₂). The overall reaction is 2NaCl (aq) + 2H₂O (l) → 2NaOH (aq) + Cl₂ (g) + H₂ (g).

Brine is a solution of NaCl in water.
Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
The products are sodium hydroxide, chlorine, and hydrogen.

This process is known as the chlor-alkali process and is a major industrial method for producing these three important chemicals. NaOH is a strong base used in many industries, while Cl₂ is used for disinfection and manufacturing, and H₂ is used as a fuel or in chemical synthesis.

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