The correct answer is: D. Input isolation.
Input isolation is the process of preventing electrical signals from one circuit from interfering with another circuit. This is important in integrated circuits (ICs) because the components on an IC are often very close together and can easily pick up each other’s signals. Input isolation can be achieved by using a variety of techniques, such as optical isolation or transformer isolation.
Optical isolation uses light to transmit signals between two circuits. This prevents electrical signals from being transferred directly between the circuits, which eliminates the possibility of interference. Transformer isolation uses a transformer to transfer signals between two circuits. The transformer isolates the two circuits electrically, which prevents interference.
Input isolation is important for a number of reasons. First, it can prevent noise from interfering with signals. Noise is unwanted electrical signals that can be picked up by circuits. Input isolation can help to prevent noise from interfering with signals and causing problems. Second, input isolation can prevent signals from being accidentally shorted together. This can happen if two circuits are connected together without proper isolation. Input isolation can help to prevent this from happening and protect the circuits from damage. Third, input isolation can help to protect circuits from electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI is a type of noise that is caused by electromagnetic fields. Input isolation can help to prevent EMI from interfering with signals and causing problems.
Overall, input isolation is an important technique that can be used to prevent electrical signals from interfering with each other. This is important in ICs because the components on an IC are often very close together and can easily pick up each other’s signals. Input isolation can be achieved by using a variety of techniques, such as optical isolation or transformer isolation.