When a longitudinal wave moves through a certain medium, the quantity

When a longitudinal wave moves through a certain medium, the quantity which is transmitted through the medium is

material of the medium only
energy only
both material of the medium and energy
none of the above
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2019
When a longitudinal wave moves through a medium, it is the energy that is transmitted through the medium, not the material itself. The particles of the medium oscillate about their equilibrium positions but do not travel long distances with the wave.
– A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one point to another.
– In a longitudinal wave, particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
– Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves in air and pressure waves in fluids.
– This principle applies to both longitudinal and transverse mechanical waves; the medium oscillates but does not propagate. Electromagnetic waves also transmit energy and momentum through space without needing a physical medium, relying on oscillating fields.
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