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When a light ray enters into glass medium from water at an angle of in

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

When a light ray enters into glass medium from water at an angle of incidence 0°, what would be the angle of refraction?

90°

45°

0°

The ray will not enter at all

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2020

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When a light ray enters a medium from another medium at an angle of incidence of 0°, this means the ray is incident normally (perpendicularly) to the boundary surface between the two media. According to Snell’s Law of Refraction, n₁ sin(i) = n₂ sin(r), where n₁ and n₂ are the refractive indices of the two media, i is the angle of incidence, and r is the angle of refraction. If i = 0°, then sin(i) = sin(0°) = 0. The equation becomes n₁ * 0 = n₂ sin(r), which simplifies to 0 = n₂ sin(r). Since the refractive index of glass (n₂) is not zero, sin(r) must be zero. The angle whose sine is zero is 0°. Therefore, the angle of refraction (r) is 0°. This means the ray passes straight through the boundary without bending.

A light ray incident normally on a boundary between two media passes undeviated, meaning the angle of refraction is also 0°.

Refraction, or the bending of light, occurs when light changes speed as it passes from one medium to another at an angle. When the incidence is normal (angle of incidence = 0), the change in speed still occurs, but there is no change in direction.

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