What was a munjanig in medieval period ?

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What was a munjanig in medieval period ?

Cannon
Catapult
Gun carriage
Portable armoury
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2022
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In the medieval period, a munjanig (or Manjaniq) was a type of siege engine, specifically a Catapult or a trebuchet.
– Munjanigs were gravity-powered siege weapons used to hurl heavy projectiles at fortifications.
– They were used extensively in warfare in the Middle East, Mediterranean, and later adopted in India during the medieval era.
– The term is derived from Arabic and Persian, related to projectile-throwing machines.
While both Mangonel and Trebuchet types of catapults existed, the term ‘Manjaniq’ generally refers to the larger, more powerful counterweight trebuchet which became prevalent from the 12th century onwards, although it could also refer to earlier traction trebuchets or mangonels.

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