The correct answer is D. All of these.
Management is a field that is concerned with the effective use of resources to achieve organizational goals. It is a broad field that encompasses a variety of topics, including planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Management can be considered a positive science in the sense that it seeks to understand and explain the world as it is. Management research often focuses on identifying and understanding the factors that contribute to organizational success or failure.
Management can also be considered a normative science in the sense that it seeks to prescribe how things should be done. Management theory often focuses on developing principles and guidelines for effective management practice.
Finally, management can be considered an art in the sense that it requires creativity and judgment. Managers must be able to make decisions in complex and uncertain situations. They must also be able to motivate and inspire their employees.
In conclusion, management is a complex and multifaceted field that encompasses a variety of disciplines. It is a positive science in the sense that it seeks to understand and explain the world as it is. It is also a normative science in the sense that it seeks to prescribe how things should be done. Finally, it is an art in the sense that it requires creativity and judgment.