What is ‘duff’?

June 1, 2025 by rawan239

What is ‘duff’?

[amp_mcq option1=”Partially decomposed litter” option2=”Weathered rock” option3=”Muddy puddle” option4=”Carcass of a dead animal” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC Geoscientist – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is Partially decomposed litter.

‘Duff’ is an ecological term referring to the layer of organic matter on the floor of a forest or wooded area, consisting of fallen leaves, twigs, and other plant debris in various stages of decomposition. It is the layer above the mineral soil but below the fresh litter.

Duff is also known as the O horizon (organic layer) in soil profiles, specifically the Oi (slightly decomposed) and Oe (moderately decomposed) sub-horizons, although the term ‘duff’ sometimes specifically refers to the Oel and Ofh layers in certain classification systems. It plays a significant role in forest nutrient cycling and fire behavior.

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